{"id":20660,"date":"2026-04-03T11:32:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T09:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/?p=20660"},"modified":"2026-04-03T11:40:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T09:40:38","slug":"large-hail-impacts-on-photovoltaic-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/large-hail-impacts-on-photovoltaic-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Large hail impacts on photovoltaic systems"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n\n\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc0b \ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc2c have partnered with the \ud835\udc14\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc32 \ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1f \ud835\udc02\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1a to explore an area of growing concern for the \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc32 \ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1d \ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2b. The modelled increase in the frequency of \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc21\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc25 events, especially in Europe, and the expansion of \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1c (\ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc15) installations, urge for a better understanding of the damage and vulnerability of PV modules to these events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The paper introduces \ud835\udc04\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc0b \ud835\udc21\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc25 \ud835\udc26\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc20 \ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2a\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c and puts them in perspective with existing \ud835\udc26\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27 \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c, \ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc20 \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc2c, \ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1d \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc15 \ud835\udc26\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc20, through a comprehensive review.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The paper &#8220;\ud835\ude13\ud835\ude22\ud835\ude33\ud835\ude28\ud835\ude26 \ud835\ude29\ud835\ude22\ud835\ude2a\ud835\ude2d \ud835\ude2a\ud835\ude2e\ud835\ude31\ud835\ude22\ud835\ude24\ud835\ude35\ud835\ude34 \ud835\ude30\ud835\ude2f \ud835\ude31\ud835\ude29\ud835\ude30\ud835\ude35\ud835\ude30\ud835\ude37\ud835\ude30\ud835\ude2d\ud835\ude35\ud835\ude22\ud835\ude2a\ud835\ude24 \ud835\ude34\ud835\ude3a\ud835\ude34\ud835\ude35\ud835\ude26\ud835\ude2e\ud835\ude34: \ud835\ude08 \ud835\ude33\ud835\ude26\ud835\ude37\ud835\ude2a\ud835\ude26\ud835\ude38 \ud835\ude30\ud835\ude27 \ud835\ude25\ud835\ude22\ud835\ude2e\ud835\ude22\ud835\ude28\ud835\ude26, \ud835\ude35\ud835\ude26\ud835\ude34\ud835\ude35\ud835\ude2a\ud835\ude2f\ud835\ude28 \ud835\ude22\ud835\ude2f\ud835\ude25 \ud835\ude2e\ud835\ude2a\ud835\ude35\ud835\ude2a\ud835\ude28\ud835\ude22\ud835\ude35\ud835\ude2a\ud835\ude30\ud835\ude2f.&#8221; was lead authored by Gaetano Mannino. ESSLs Francesco Battaglioli is second author of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2352484726000259\">new publication in the journal &#8220;Energy Reports&#8221;<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pdf.sciencedirectassets.com\/311225\/1-s2.0-S2352484725X00032\/1-s2.0-S2352484726000259\/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjELn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIGqOlnbdQFxx%2FksTjT%2Bugcj987ByqhsPg%2FVUeBdBfcD6AiBof74FVChRaynr70YNwk2OwB2XGH5WFtUf8nPSI%2Bbd2Sq7BQiB%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAUaDDA1OTAwMzU0Njg2NSIM1V2%2FGKL0zOH%2BI9YjKo8Fn6bGZfGnTKawk2PenArtmRVi36hLbqJXb3FqdT%2F8%2FsdtZS4MN8G7TKEJFcXYKhrt0KmYRLEcyLtx6o7N2U6lAl7aeIXr4Uybe0PMb0kX5DPUMEsM1RpLtaffS%2BufEMdTa4Sal%2BRMR5j4tPz0TOGxzVxrMkUqEoNMsQrWrpCkaws9FzXLPJakhfJulWbiFXxw5IVXlCPPY1jJsFpomESPsnruaRjw0NZihVFyWPTyYKSf4Nulw%2Fcc%2FZlaum83VwK7t2eoJV%2BvY4%2BTu62eciTi6h3cRE7CfstCOqwvTVhJGifpMxC7%2BNDZHVZMi6aXzCX6LiF1dZTPFSo25ebJTJABZJfYmZRc%2FNNz8tl17%2FysSo46xXrB3SHGz%2Bs4dSNIpUZmO3ttAqI9a5O3hS28fNK31DdbCiTAmL0t%2FJXPamz3IMQw%2BcHQb3aaSyIyOBooZQTUCNRwY7wELbJy5nprY5fsrNNPcbriE7bYCJGsCQTEsme%2FO8yayk4pNvELU3t5hnVHBDimKvr5lJoQ%2BHQuwhKEbZ30ZpI6IMomBzIL5C7aC9%2FY8AodyWbVwexHL3MG1GKV2X6OI8%2FHHLfhmfHw9xZuk4%2FDRJxbPyFwlz1o64NkerCG4yPZ48unvGSQr92Pft4KNrRKxLelJB2kHi80R42RJVSvuHYXgTQ5oJKIPoQ60EtsHiHY58FXg%2FAGmZtKTX3k%2FP2KI%2BKgM7vBE1JhBB9S%2BOnQHO%2B2VjZ2jX1FhLAO5OwOaTaVjs3buEEjiSi5SbUlFT1OOQ6c8fOhqK52wUWGuvXNs13VOr66oeIt50RsE2SLMzExCzOKaR87VwDAXSYys40LYlFzLhBOpSiRMqq0YAGTLni03ihbOsV%2BrX8RCTCN8L3OBjqyAZ%2F6pHAU6t98EeQRfFleZbD5i4DzapLnr%2F2fomoZaMw07BD19HmmJnCjKJ01ZPsojrslVhkJPFpphxHRQwd05izOyOzefScGR%2FwYYcqBPPRS58EFyXZbhfsJwOGfW8n%2FURBANVQmq9CtnNSkRNew44QHpckZneZOtA2rSlMfRkaVSzndEXvUHL1pLNdmQYCUTIdpVsI6GanlFtQWy3GGlpI%2BOYcF3XUgomQIrr7ppcon340%3D&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260403T093552Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=300&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYRD7V6HBU%2F20260403%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Signature=d4d72292c8f6a759a8f066f662daf239a7145f8bdd36a9a079756af568cca42a&amp;hash=83cf3961acc1d5284ee75c309b511d5c10a3392400b6ed8fb4f016ea00f6a22d&amp;host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&amp;pii=S2352484726000259&amp;tid=spdf-355f1e4a-f8ca-4e46-a0c8-b513b3cde92a&amp;sid=d59e590b8246904edd2a93e770aa08e34f9fgxrqa&amp;type=client&amp;tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&amp;rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&amp;ua=01105f0a5456535001&amp;rr=9e6715f1b8b85ad9&amp;cc=at\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/EnergyReportsPaperFrancesco2026-1024x680.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20664\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/EnergyReportsPaperFrancesco2026-1024x680.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/EnergyReportsPaperFrancesco2026-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/EnergyReportsPaperFrancesco2026-768x510.png 768w, https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/EnergyReportsPaperFrancesco2026-452x300.png 452w, https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/EnergyReportsPaperFrancesco2026.png 1228w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc0b \ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc2c have partnered with the \ud835\udc14\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc32 \ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1f \ud835\udc02\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1a to explore an area of growing concern for the \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc32 \ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1d \ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2b. The modelled increase in the frequency of \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc21\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc25 events, especially in Europe, and the expansion of \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1c &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/large-hail-impacts-on-photovoltaic-systems\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20660"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20666,"href":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20660\/revisions\/20666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.essl.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}